Absolutely, Alan. Here's a comprehensive schema for a Training Management System with 19 well-structured tables, each including:
📘 Table Name
📋 Fields
🧠Description of each field
This system supports trainees, trainers, courses, assessments, feedback, scheduling, and performance tracking — ideal for healthcare, corporate, or educational environments.
Trainees| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| TraineeId (PK) | Unique identifier for each trainee |
| FullName | Full name of the trainee |
| Contact email | |
| Phone | Mobile or landline |
| DateOfBirth | Used for age-based eligibility |
| Gender | Optional demographic field |
| RegistrationDate | When the trainee joined |
Trainers| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| TrainerId (PK) | Unique identifier for each trainer |
| FullName | Trainer’s full name |
| Contact email | |
| Specialty | Area of expertise (e.g. CPR, Mental Health) |
| CertificationLevel | Trainer’s qualification tier |
| HireDate | When the trainer was onboarded |
Courses| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| CourseId (PK) | Unique identifier for each course |
| Title | Course name |
| Description | Summary of course content |
| DurationHours | Total hours required |
| Level | Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced |
| TrainerId (FK) | Linked trainer who delivers the course |
Sessions| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| SessionId (PK) | Unique session identifier |
| CourseId (FK) | Linked course |
| TrainerId (FK) | Trainer conducting the session |
| ScheduledDate | Date of the session |
| StartTime | Start time |
| EndTime | End time |
| Location | Physical or virtual venue |
Enrollments| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| EnrollmentId (PK) | Unique enrollment record |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who enrolled |
| CourseId (FK) | Which course |
| EnrollmentDate | When they signed up |
| Status | Active, Completed, Dropped |
Assessments| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| AssessmentId (PK) | Unique test or quiz |
| CourseId (FK) | Related course |
| Title | Name of the assessment |
| Type | Quiz, Practical, Written |
| MaxScore | Total possible score |
AssessmentResults| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| ResultId (PK) | Unique result record |
| AssessmentId (FK) | Which test |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who took it |
| Score | Achieved score |
| DateTaken | When it was completed |
| Passed | Boolean flag for pass/fail |
Feedback| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| FeedbackId (PK) | Unique feedback entry |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who gave the feedback |
| CourseId (FK) | About which course |
| Rating | 1–5 scale |
| Comments | Free text feedback |
| SubmittedDate | Timestamp of submission |
Attendance| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| AttendanceId (PK) | Unique attendance record |
| SessionId (FK) | Which session |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who attended |
| Status | Present, Absent, Late |
| Timestamp | When attendance was logged |
Certificates| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| CertificateId (PK) | Unique certificate |
| TraineeId (FK) | Recipient |
| CourseId (FK) | Course completed |
| IssueDate | Date of certification |
| ExpiryDate | If applicable |
TrainerReviews| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| ReviewId (PK) | Unique review |
| TrainerId (FK) | Who was reviewed |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who gave the review |
| Rating | 1–5 scale |
| Comments | Optional feedback |
| DateSubmitted | Timestamp |
CourseMaterials| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| MaterialId (PK) | Unique file or link |
| CourseId (FK) | Related course |
| Title | Name of the material |
| Type | PDF, Video, Link |
| URL | Location of the resource |
Notifications| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| NotificationId (PK) | Unique alert |
| RecipientId | Trainee or Trainer |
| Message | Content of the notification |
| SentDate | When it was sent |
| ReadStatus | Read or Unread |
Roles| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| RoleId (PK) | Unique role |
| RoleName | Admin, Trainer, Trainee |
| Description | Role permissions summary |
Users| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| UserId (PK) | Unique login identity |
| Username | Login name |
| PasswordHash | Encrypted password |
| RoleId (FK) | Linked role |
| Contact email | |
| IsActive | Boolean flag |
ScheduleConflicts| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| ConflictId (PK) | Unique conflict record |
| SessionId (FK) | Conflicting session |
| TrainerId (FK) | Who’s affected |
| Description | Nature of the conflict |
| ResolutionStatus | Pending, Resolved |
CoursePrerequisites| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| PrerequisiteId (PK) | Unique rule |
| CourseId (FK) | Target course |
| RequiredCourseId (FK) | Must complete this first |
TraineeProgress| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| ProgressId (PK) | Unique progress record |
| TraineeId (FK) | Who’s progressing |
| CourseId (FK) | Which course |
| CompletionPercent | 0–100% |
| LastUpdated | Timestamp |
SystemLogs| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| LogId (PK) | Unique system event |
| UserId (FK) | Who triggered it |
| Action | Login, Update, Delete, etc. |
| Timestamp | When it occurred |
| Details | Optional metadata |
TraineesCREATE TABLE Trainees ( TraineeId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, FullName NVARCHAR(100), -- Full name of the trainee Email NVARCHAR(100), -- Contact email Phone NVARCHAR(20), -- Mobile or landline DateOfBirth DATE, -- Used for age-based eligibility Gender NVARCHAR(10), -- Optional demographic field RegistrationDate DATE -- When the trainee joined);TrainersCREATE TABLE Trainers ( TrainerId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, FullName NVARCHAR(100), -- Trainer’s full name Email NVARCHAR(100), -- Contact email Specialty NVARCHAR(50), -- Area of expertise CertificationLevel NVARCHAR(50),-- Qualification tier HireDate DATE -- When the trainer was onboarded);CoursesCREATE TABLE Courses ( CourseId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, Title NVARCHAR(100), -- Course name Description NVARCHAR(500), -- Summary of course content DurationHours INT, -- Total hours required Level NVARCHAR(20), -- Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced TrainerId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainers(TrainerId) -- Assigned trainer);SessionsCREATE TABLE Sessions ( SessionId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), TrainerId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainers(TrainerId), ScheduledDate DATE, StartTime TIME, EndTime TIME, Location NVARCHAR(100) -- Physical or virtual venue);EnrollmentsCREATE TABLE Enrollments ( EnrollmentId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), EnrollmentDate DATE, Status NVARCHAR(20) -- Active, Completed, Dropped);AssessmentsCREATE TABLE Assessments ( AssessmentId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), Title NVARCHAR(100), Type NVARCHAR(20), -- Quiz, Practical, Written MaxScore INT);AssessmentResultsCREATE TABLE AssessmentResults ( ResultId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, AssessmentId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Assessments(AssessmentId), TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), Score INT, DateTaken DATE, Passed BIT);FeedbackCREATE TABLE Feedback ( FeedbackId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), Rating INT, -- 1–5 scale Comments NVARCHAR(500), SubmittedDate DATETIME);AttendanceCREATE TABLE Attendance ( AttendanceId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, SessionId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Sessions(SessionId), TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), Status NVARCHAR(20), -- Present, Absent, Late Timestamp DATETIME);CertificatesCREATE TABLE Certificates ( CertificateId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), IssueDate DATE, ExpiryDate DATE);TrainerReviewsCREATE TABLE TrainerReviews ( ReviewId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, TrainerId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainers(TrainerId), TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), Rating INT, Comments NVARCHAR(500), DateSubmitted DATETIME);CourseMaterialsCREATE TABLE CourseMaterials ( MaterialId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), Title NVARCHAR(100), Type NVARCHAR(20), -- PDF, Video, Link URL NVARCHAR(200));NotificationsCREATE TABLE Notifications ( NotificationId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, RecipientId INT, -- Could be Trainee or Trainer Message NVARCHAR(500), SentDate DATETIME, ReadStatus BIT);RolesCREATE TABLE Roles ( RoleId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, RoleName NVARCHAR(50), -- Admin, Trainer, Trainee Description NVARCHAR(200));UsersCREATE TABLE Users ( UserId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, Username NVARCHAR(50), PasswordHash NVARCHAR(200), RoleId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Roles(RoleId), Email NVARCHAR(100), IsActive BIT);ScheduleConflictsCREATE TABLE ScheduleConflicts ( ConflictId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, SessionId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Sessions(SessionId), TrainerId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainers(TrainerId), Description NVARCHAR(500), ResolutionStatus NVARCHAR(20) -- Pending, Resolved);CoursePrerequisitesCREATE TABLE CoursePrerequisites ( PrerequisiteId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), RequiredCourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId));TraineeProgressCREATE TABLE TraineeProgress ( ProgressId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, TraineeId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Trainees(TraineeId), CourseId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Courses(CourseId), CompletionPercent INT, LastUpdated DATETIME);SystemLogsCREATE TABLE SystemLogs ( LogId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, UserId INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Users(UserId), Action NVARCHAR(50), -- Login, Update, Delete Timestamp DATETIME, Details NVARCHAR(500));This document outlines the proposed table structure for your Trainit System, ensuring that all educational data, learning environments, and facilities are linked back to a specific business entity.
Business TablePurpose: Represents the top-level business or organization that operates the educational system. All other data in the system will be associated with a specific business through foreign keys.
Fields:
business_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
name (VARCHAR) - Name of the business/organization
contact_person (VARCHAR)
contact_email (VARCHAR)
phone_number (VARCHAR)
address (TEXT)
website_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
created_at (TIMESTAMP)
updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
Users TablePurpose: Stores information about all users in the system (students, instructors, administrators).
Fields:
user_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
first_name (VARCHAR)
last_name (VARCHAR)
email (VARCHAR, UNIQUE)
password_hash (VARCHAR)
user_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Student', 'Instructor', 'Admin', 'Staff')
date_of_birth (DATE, NULLABLE)
gender (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
profile_picture_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
registration_date (TIMESTAMP)
last_login (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
Courses TablePurpose: Defines the main educational programs or courses offered by a business.
Fields:
course_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
course_name (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
course_code (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
duration_hours (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
price (DECIMAL, NULLABLE)
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
created_at (TIMESTAMP)
updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
Modules TablePurpose: Breaks down courses into smaller, manageable learning units.
Fields:
module_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id)
module_name (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
module_order (INTEGER) - Order within the course
duration_hours (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
Lessons TablePurpose: Individual lessons or topics within a module.
Fields:
lesson_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
module_id (Foreign Key to Modules.module_id)
lesson_title (VARCHAR)
content (TEXT, NULLABLE) - Markdown or HTML content for the lesson
lesson_order (INTEGER) - Order within the module
duration_minutes (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
video_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
document_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
Enrollments TablePurpose: Tracks which students are enrolled in which courses.
Fields:
enrollment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
student_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Student')
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id)
enrollment_date (TIMESTAMP)
completion_date (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Enrolled', 'In Progress', 'Completed', 'Dropped')
grade (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
Instructors TablePurpose: Links users designated as instructors to specific courses or modules they teach. This table assumes instructors are also in the Users table.
Fields:
instructor_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Instructor')
specialization (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
bio (TEXT, NULLABLE)
InstructorCourseAssignments TablePurpose: Maps instructors to the specific courses they are assigned to teach.
Fields:
assignment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
instructor_id (Foreign Key to Instructors.instructor_id)
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id)
start_date (DATE)
end_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Assessments TablePurpose: Stores details about quizzes, exams, assignments, etc.
Fields:
assessment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
lesson_id (Foreign Key to Lessons.lesson_id, NULLABLE) - Link to specific lesson
module_id (Foreign Key to Modules.module_id, NULLABLE) - Link to specific module (if not lesson-specific)
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id, NULLABLE) - Link to specific course (if not module/lesson-specific)
assessment_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Quiz', 'Exam', 'Assignment', 'Project')
title (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
max_score (DECIMAL)
due_date (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
Grades TablePurpose: Records student performance on assessments.
Fields:
grade_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
enrollment_id (Foreign Key to Enrollments.enrollment_id)
assessment_id (Foreign Key to Assessments.assessment_id)
score (DECIMAL)
feedback (TEXT, NULLABLE)
submission_date (TIMESTAMP)
Certifications TablePurpose: Manages certifications awarded upon course completion.
Fields:
certification_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id)
certification_name (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
issuing_body (VARCHAR)
validity_period_months (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
StudentCertifications TablePurpose: Records which students have received which certifications.
Fields:
student_certification_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
student_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Student')
certification_id (Foreign Key to Certifications.certification_id)
issue_date (DATE)
expiration_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
certificate_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE) - Link to a digital copy of the certificate
Facilities TablePurpose: Defines the physical locations or buildings used by the business for education.
Fields:
facility_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
facility_name (VARCHAR)
address (TEXT)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
capacity (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
Rooms TablePurpose: Details individual rooms within facilities (e.g., classrooms, labs, lecture halls).
Fields:
room_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
facility_id (Foreign Key to Facilities.facility_id)
room_number (VARCHAR)
room_name (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
room_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Classroom', 'Lab', 'Meeting Room', 'Auditorium')
capacity (INTEGER)
is_available (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
Equipment TablePurpose: Lists all educational equipment available (e.g., projectors, computers, lab apparatus).
Fields:
equipment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
equipment_name (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
serial_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business, NULLABLE)
purchase_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Available', 'In Use', 'Under Maintenance', 'Broken')
RoomEquipment TablePurpose: Links equipment to the rooms where they are located.
Fields:
room_equipment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
room_id (Foreign Key to Rooms.room_id)
equipment_id (Foreign Key to Equipment.equipment_id)
quantity (INTEGER, DEFAULT 1)
notes (TEXT, NULLABLE)
Schedules TablePurpose: Manages the timetable for courses, modules, or lessons.
Fields:
schedule_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id, NULLABLE)
module_id (Foreign Key to Modules.module_id, NULLABLE)
lesson_id (Foreign Key to Lessons.lesson_id, NULLABLE)
instructor_id (Foreign Key to Instructors.instructor_id, NULLABLE)
room_id (Foreign Key to Rooms.room_id, NULLABLE)
start_time (TIMESTAMP)
end_time (TIMESTAMP)
schedule_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Lecture', 'Lab', 'Workshop', 'Meeting')
is_recurring (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT FALSE)
recurring_pattern (VARCHAR, NULLABLE) - e.g., 'Weekly', 'Daily', 'MWF'
Announcements TablePurpose: Stores announcements or notifications for users.
Fields:
announcement_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
title (VARCHAR)
content (TEXT)
published_by_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, for admin/staff)
publish_date (TIMESTAMP)
expiry_date (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
target_user_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'All', 'Students', 'Instructors', 'Specific Course', NULLABLE)
target_course_id (Foreign Key to Courses.course_id, NULLABLE)
SupportTickets TablePurpose: System for users to raise support requests or issues.
Fields:
ticket_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
raised_by_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id)
assigned_to_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, for staff/admin, NULLABLE)
subject (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Open', 'In Progress', 'Resolved', 'Closed')
priority (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Low', 'Medium', 'High', 'Urgent')
created_at (TIMESTAMP)
updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
resolved_at (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
Feasibility Study for a Trainee Programmer to Complete Project Erasmus (based on the Trainit System)
To assess the feasibility of a trainee programmer completing "Project Erasmus" (assuming this means building a functional application leveraging the proposed Trainit System database), we need to consider several key aspects:
1. Project Scope Definition (Critical)
2. Trainee Programmer's Skill Set
3. Available Resources & Support
4. Technical Complexity
Users table) and ensuring users only access authorized data (e.g., a student can only see their own grades) is critical and often complex for beginners.5. Risk Assessment & Mitigation
Conclusion:
Completing "Project Erasmus" with a trainee programmer is feasible, but only if the following conditions are met:
Without these elements, even a talented trainee will likely struggle. It's more of an educational journey for the trainee rather than a purely production-focused delivery timeline. The existing database schema provides a solid foundation, removing the need for the trainee to design the core data model from scratch, which is a significant advantage.
This document outlines the proposed table structure for an NVQ Administration System, designed to manage qualifications, candidates, assessors, assessments, and scheduling, with all data linked back to a specific business entity.
Business TablePurpose: Represents the top-level organization offering or overseeing NVQ qualifications. All other data in the system will be associated with a specific business through foreign keys.
Fields:
business_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
name (VARCHAR) - Name of the business/training provider
contact_person (VARCHAR)
contact_email (VARCHAR)
phone_number (VARCHAR)
address (TEXT)
website_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
registration_number (VARCHAR, e.g., Ofqual/awarding body registration, NULLABLE)
created_at (TIMESTAMP)
updated_at (TIMESTAMP)
Users TablePurpose: Stores general login and profile information for all system users (administrators, assessors, candidates, staff).
Fields:
user_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
first_name (VARCHAR)
last_name (VARCHAR)
email (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
password_hash (VARCHAR)
user_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Candidate', 'Assessor', 'Internal Verifier', 'Admin', 'Staff')
registration_date (TIMESTAMP)
last_login (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
Qualifications TablePurpose: Defines the NVQ qualifications offered by the business.
Fields:
qualification_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
nvq_title (VARCHAR) - e.g., "NVQ Level 2 in Business Administration"
nvq_level (VARCHAR) - e.g., "Level 2", "Level 3"
awarding_body (VARCHAR) - e.g., "City & Guilds", "Pearson"
qualification_code (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per awarding body/business)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
glh_hours (INTEGER, NULLABLE) - Guided Learning Hours
credit_value (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
valid_from_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
valid_to_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Units TablePurpose: Breaks down qualifications into individual units.
Fields:
unit_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
qualification_id (Foreign Key to Qualifications.qualification_id)
unit_title (VARCHAR)
unit_code (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per qualification)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
credit_value (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
is_mandatory (BOOLEAN) - Whether the unit is mandatory or optional
LearningOutcomes TablePurpose: Defines specific learning outcomes for each unit.
Fields:
outcome_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
unit_id (Foreign Key to Units.unit_id)
outcome_description (TEXT)
outcome_number (VARCHAR) - e.g., "LO1", "AC1.1" (Assessment Criteria)
Candidates TablePurpose: Stores NVQ-specific information about candidates (who are also Users).
Fields:
candidate_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Candidate')
candidate_ref_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
employer_name (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
start_date (DATE)
expected_completion_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
actual_completion_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Assessors TablePurpose: Stores NVQ-specific information about assessors (who are also Users).
Fields:
assessor_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Assessor')
assessor_ref_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
qualification_areas_of_expertise (TEXT, NULLABLE) - List of qualifications they can assess
cv_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE) - Link to their professional CV/credentials
last_cpd_date (DATE, NULLABLE) - Last Continuing Professional Development
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
InternalVerifiers TablePurpose: Stores information about internal verifiers (who are also Users).
Fields:
verifier_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, where user_type = 'Internal Verifier')
verifier_ref_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
qualification_areas_of_verification (TEXT, NULLABLE)
is_active (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
CandidateEnrollments TablePurpose: Tracks which candidates are enrolled in specific NVQ qualifications.
Fields:
enrollment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
candidate_id (Foreign Key to Candidates.candidate_id)
qualification_id (Foreign Key to Qualifications.qualification_id)
assessor_id (Foreign Key to Assessors.assessor_id, NULLABLE) - Assigned primary assessor
enrollment_date (DATE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Enrolled', 'In Progress', 'Completed', 'Withdrawn', 'On Hold')
target_completion_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
actual_completion_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
UnitRegistrations TablePurpose: Tracks which units a candidate is working on within their qualification.
Fields:
unit_registration_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
enrollment_id (Foreign Key to CandidateEnrollments.enrollment_id)
unit_id (Foreign Key to Units.unit_id)
registration_date (DATE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Not Started', 'In Progress', 'Awaiting Assessment', 'Achieved', 'Not Achieved')
achieved_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Assessments TablePurpose: Records details of planned or completed assessment activities for specific learning outcomes.
Fields:
assessment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
unit_registration_id (Foreign Key to UnitRegistrations.unit_registration_id)
outcome_id (Foreign Key to LearningOutcomes.outcome_id) - The specific outcome being assessed
assessor_id (Foreign Key to Assessors.assessor_id) - The assessor conducting it
assessment_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Observation', 'Professional Discussion', 'Portfolio Review', 'Witness Testimony', 'Practical Task')
assessment_date (DATE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Planned', 'InProgress', 'Submitted', 'Assessed', 'Resubmission', 'Achieved', 'Not Achieved')
feedback_due_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
location (VARCHAR, NULLABLE) - Where the assessment took place
AssessmentRecords TablePurpose: Stores the outcome and feedback for an assessment.
Fields:
assessment_record_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
assessment_id (Foreign Key to Assessments.assessment_id)
assessor_feedback (TEXT, NULLABLE)
candidate_response (TEXT, NULLABLE) - Candidate's reflection on feedback
result (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Achieved', 'Not Achieved', 'Refer', 'Resubmission Required')
date_recorded (TIMESTAMP)
internal_verifier_id (Foreign Key to InternalVerifiers.verifier_id, NULLABLE) - If verified
verification_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Evidence TablePurpose: Links specific pieces of evidence (e.g., documents, media files) to an assessment.
Fields:
evidence_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
assessment_id (Foreign Key to Assessments.assessment_id)
evidence_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Document', 'Image', 'Audio', 'Video')
file_url (VARCHAR) - URL to the stored evidence file (e.g., Azure Blob Storage)
file_name (VARCHAR)
uploaded_by_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id)
upload_date (TIMESTAMP)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
Portfolios TablePurpose: Represents a candidate's portfolio of evidence for a qualification.
Fields:
portfolio_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
candidate_id (Foreign Key to Candidates.candidate_id)
qualification_id (Foreign Key to Qualifications.qualification_id)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'In Progress', 'Awaiting IQA', 'IQA Complete', 'Awaiting EQA', 'EQA Complete', 'Achieved')
last_update_date (TIMESTAMP)
submission_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
Certificates TablePurpose: Records the issuance of NVQ certificates.
Fields:
certificate_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
enrollment_id (Foreign Key to CandidateEnrollments.enrollment_id)
qualification_id (Foreign Key to Qualifications.qualification_id)
issue_date (DATE)
certificate_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE)
awarding_body_signature_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
digital_certificate_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
Schedules Table (For Administrator/Assessor Scheduling)Purpose: Manages appointments for assessments, reviews, meetings, and other administrative tasks.
Fields:
schedule_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
candidate_id (Foreign Key to Candidates.candidate_id, NULLABLE)
assessor_id (Foreign Key to Assessors.assessor_id, NULLABLE)
verifier_id (Foreign Key to InternalVerifiers.verifier_id, NULLABLE)
scheduled_by_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, for admin/staff, NULLABLE)
start_time (TIMESTAMP)
end_time (TIMESTAMP)
schedule_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Assessment Visit', 'Review Meeting', 'IQA Session', 'Training', 'Admin Task')
title (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
location (VARCHAR, NULLABLE) - Free text location or reference to Room/Venue ID
is_recurring (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT FALSE)
recurring_pattern (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Confirmed', 'Pending', 'Cancelled', 'Completed')
Rooms Table (For physical locations used in scheduling)Purpose: Defines specific rooms within a facility that can be booked or used for assessments/meetings.
Fields:
room_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
room_name (VARCHAR)
room_code (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business)
capacity (INTEGER, NULLABLE)
amenities (TEXT, NULLABLE) - e.g., "Projector, Whiteboard, Wi-Fi"
is_available (BOOLEAN, DEFAULT TRUE)
Equipment Table (For specific assessment/admin equipment)Purpose: Lists equipment that might be required for assessments or administrative tasks.
Fields:
equipment_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
equipment_name (VARCHAR)
description (TEXT, NULLABLE)
serial_number (VARCHAR, UNIQUE per business, NULLABLE)
purchase_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Available', 'In Use', 'Under Maintenance', 'Broken')
location_room_id (Foreign Key to Rooms.room_id, NULLABLE) - Current location of movable equipment
ScheduleRoomAllocations TablePurpose: Links scheduled events to specific rooms.
Fields:
allocation_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
schedule_id (Foreign Key to Schedules.schedule_id)
room_id (Foreign Key to Rooms.room_id)
allocated_from_time (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
allocated_to_time (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
ScheduleEquipmentRequirements TablePurpose: Tracks what equipment is needed for a scheduled event.
Fields:
requirement_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
schedule_id (Foreign Key to Schedules.schedule_id)
equipment_id (Foreign Key to Equipment.equipment_id)
quantity_needed (INTEGER, DEFAULT 1)
notes (TEXT, NULLABLE)
Appeals TablePurpose: Manages candidate appeals against assessment decisions or processes.
Fields:
appeal_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
candidate_id (Foreign Key to Candidates.candidate_id)
assessment_record_id (Foreign Key to AssessmentRecords.assessment_record_id, NULLABLE)
appeal_date (TIMESTAMP)
reason (TEXT)
status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Submitted', 'Under Review', 'Upheld', 'Rejected', 'Closed')
decision_date (TIMESTAMP, NULLABLE)
decision_details (TEXT, NULLABLE)
QualityAssuranceReviews TablePurpose: Tracks internal and external quality assurance reviews (e.g., IQA, EQA visits).
Fields:
review_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
review_type (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Internal Quality Assurance', 'External Quality Assurance', 'Standardisation Meeting')
review_date (DATE)
reviewer_user_id (Foreign Key to Users.user_id, for internal staff, NULLABLE)
external_reviewer_name (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
scope (TEXT, NULLABLE) - e.g., "Review of Business Admin L2 assessments"
outcome_summary (TEXT, NULLABLE)
action_plan_url (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
Fees TablePurpose: Manages candidate registration fees or qualification costs.
Fields:
fee_id (Primary Key, UUID/Integer)
business_id (Foreign Key to Business.business_id)
candidate_id (Foreign Key to Candidates.candidate_id, NULLABLE)
enrollment_id (Foreign Key to CandidateEnrollments.enrollment_id, NULLABLE)
fee_type (VARCHAR, e.g., 'Registration', 'Certification', 'Resit')
amount (DECIMAL)
currency (VARCHAR, DEFAULT 'GBP')
due_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
payment_status (ENUM/VARCHAR, e.g., 'Pending', 'Paid', 'Overdue', 'Waived')
payment_date (DATE, NULLABLE)
invoice_number (VARCHAR, NULLABLE)
This document details the functional requirements for the Trainit System, derived from the provided database schema. It describes how users will interact with the system to manage educational content, learning environments, and facilities.
Centralized Education Management: Provide a unified platform for businesses to manage their educational programs, from course content to student progress.
Efficient Resource Allocation: Optimize the use of learning environments, rooms, and equipment.
Enhanced User Experience: Offer intuitive interfaces for students, instructors, and administrators.
Data-Driven Insights: Enable reporting and analysis of educational data.
The system will support the following primary user roles, each with distinct functionalities and access levels:
A. Super Admin (System-Level)
Purpose: Manages the entire Trainit platform, including the creation and management of Business entities.
Permissions:
Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD) Business entities.
Overall system configuration and monitoring.
View aggregated data across all businesses (e.g., total users, active courses).
Manage system-level security and user access for Business admins.
Relevant Tables: Business (CRUD), potentially an internal SuperAdmin table.
B. Business Admin (Per Business)
Purpose: Manages all aspects of a specific Business entity's educational operations.
Permissions:
User Management: CRUD operations on Users within their business_id.
Assign user_type (Student, Instructor, Admin, Staff).
Reset passwords, manage is_active status.
Course Management: CRUD operations on Courses, Modules, and Lessons associated with their business_id.
Define course structure, descriptions, pricing, and active status.
Upload video_url and document_url for Lessons.
Enrollment Management: CRUD operations on Enrollments.
Manually enroll/unenroll students.
Update enrollment status and completion_date.
Instructor Management: CRUD operations on Instructors and InstructorCourseAssignments.
Assign instructors to courses/modules.
Assessment & Grade Management: CRUD Assessments and Grades.
Define assessment types, max scores, due dates.
View and override student Grades (with audit trail).
Certification Management: CRUD Certifications and StudentCertifications.
Issue certifications to students.
Facility & Equipment Management: CRUD Facilities, Rooms, and Equipment.
Define facility details, room capacities, equipment inventory.
Manage RoomEquipment assignments.
Scheduling: CRUD Schedules.
Create and manage class schedules, assigning instructors and rooms.
Announcements: CRUD Announcements, targeting specific users or courses.
Support Tickets: View and manage SupportTickets raised within their business_id.
Reporting: Access to various reports (e.g., course completion rates, facility utilization).
Relevant Tables: All tables linked by business_id.
C. Instructor
Purpose: Delivers educational content and manages student progress for assigned courses/modules.
Permissions:
View: Assigned Courses, Modules, Lessons, and associated Enrollments.
Lesson Management (Limited): Update content, video_url, document_url for Lessons they are assigned to teach.
Assessment & Grade Management:
View Assessments for their courses.
Submit/Update Grades and feedback for students in their assigned Enrollments and Assessments.
Scheduling: View their assigned Schedules.
Announcements: Create Announcements for their assigned Courses/Modules/Lessons.
Support Tickets: View and respond to SupportTickets related to their courses/students.
Communication: Communicate with students via integrated messaging or announcement features.
Relevant Tables: Users (their own profile), Courses, Modules, Lessons, Enrollments, Instructors, InstructorCourseAssignments, Assessments, Grades, Schedules, Announcements, SupportTickets.
D. Student
Purpose: Accesses educational content, submits assessments, tracks progress, and views certifications.
Permissions:
View: Available Courses (for enrollment), their Enrollments, assigned Modules, and Lessons.
Lesson Interaction: View Lesson content, watch video_url, download document_url.
Assessment Submission: Submit responses for Assessments (upload files, enter text).
Grade Viewing: View their Grades and feedback.
Certification Viewing: View their StudentCertifications.
Scheduling: View their personal Schedules for enrolled courses.
Announcements: View Announcements relevant to them.
Support Tickets: Create and view their own SupportTickets.
Profile Management: Update their Users profile information (excluding sensitive fields like user_type or password_hash directly).
Relevant Tables: Users (their own profile), Courses, Modules, Lessons, Enrollments, Assessments, Grades, Certifications, StudentCertifications, Schedules, Announcements, SupportTickets.
E. Staff (e.g., Facility Manager, IT Support)
Purpose: Manages specific operational aspects like facilities, equipment, or provides technical support.
Permissions (Example for Facility Manager):
CRUD operations on Facilities, Rooms, Equipment, and RoomEquipment within their business_id.
View Schedules to understand room and equipment utilization.
Permissions (Example for IT Support):
Manage SupportTickets (assign, update status, add notes).
Assist with user account issues (password resets, account activation).
Relevant Tables: Users (their own profile), Facilities, Rooms, Equipment, RoomEquipment, Schedules, SupportTickets.
Based on the database schema, the system will provide the following major functional modules:
Registration/Account Creation: New users can register or be created by Business Admins.
Login/Authentication: Secure login for all user types.
Profile Management: Users can view and edit their Users profile details.
Password Management: Functionality for password resets and changes.
Role Assignment: Business Admins can assign and modify user_type for users.
Course Creation & Editing: Business Admins define and update Courses (name, description, code, duration, price, active status).
Module Organization: Business Admins structure Modules within courses, defining order and descriptions.
Lesson Creation & Management: Business Admins and assigned Instructors can create Lessons, add content (Markdown/HTML editor), attach video_url and document_url, and set duration_minutes.
Content Versioning (Future Enhancement): Potentially track changes to lesson content.
Student Enrollment: Students can self-enroll (if enabled by Business Admin) or be enrolled by Business Admins into Courses.
Enrollment Status: Track status (Enrolled, In Progress, Completed, Dropped) and completion_date for Enrollments.
Progress Monitoring: Students can view their progress through courses/modules/lessons. Instructors and Business Admins can monitor student progress.
Assessment Creation: Business Admins and Instructors create various Assessments (quizzes, assignments, exams) linked to Lessons, Modules, or Courses. Define assessment_type, title, description, max_score, and due_date.
Assessment Submission: Students can submit their Assessments (e.g., text entry, file upload).
Grading: Instructors submit Grades (score, feedback, submission_date) for Assessments.
Gradebook: Comprehensive view of all Grades for students, courses, and assessments.
Instructor Profiling: Instructors can update their specialization and bio.
Course Assignment: Business Admins assign Instructors to Courses using InstructorCourseAssignments, specifying start_date and end_date.
Certification Definition: Business Admins define Certifications for Courses (name, description, issuing body, validity_period_months).
Certification Awarding: Business Admins award Certifications to students upon course completion (creating StudentCertifications records with issue_date and expiration_date).
Certificate Generation/Linking: Option to link a certificate_url to the StudentCertifications record for digital certificates.
Facility Management: Business Admins CRUD Facilities (name, address, description, capacity).
Room Management: Business Admins CRUD Rooms within Facilities (number, name, type, capacity, availability).
Equipment Inventory: Business Admins manage Equipment inventory (name, description, serial number, purchase date, status).
Equipment Assignment: Business Admins assign Equipment to Rooms via RoomEquipment, specifying quantity.
Schedule Creation: Business Admins and potentially Instructors create Schedules for Courses, Modules, or Lessons.
Resource Allocation: Schedules link to Instructors and Rooms, enabling resource planning and conflict detection.
Time Management: Define start_time and end_time for sessions.
Recurring Schedules: Support for is_recurring sessions with recurring_pattern.
Calendar View: Visual representation of schedules for all users (filtered by their roles/enrollments).
Announcements: Business Admins and Instructors can create Announcements with title, content, publish_date, expiry_date, and target specific user_type or course_id.
Support Ticketing: Users can raise SupportTickets with subject and description.
Ticket Management: Staff/Admins can manage tickets (assign, update status, set priority, add resolved_at date).
Internal Messaging (Future Enhancement): Direct messaging between users.
Security:
Role-based access control (RBAC) enforced across all functionalities.
Data encryption for sensitive information (e.g., password_hash).
Protection against common web vulnerabilities (SQL injection, XSS).
Performance:
Responsive user interfaces.
Efficient database queries for large datasets.
Scalability:
System designed to handle increasing numbers of businesses, users, courses, and data.
Usability (UI/UX):
Intuitive and consistent user interfaces for all roles.
Clear navigation and feedback mechanisms.
Responsive design for various devices (desktop, tablet, mobile).
Reliability:
Robust error handling and logging.
Data backup and recovery mechanisms.
Maintainability:
Well-structured, modular, and documented code.
Easy to debug and extend.
Compliance:
Adherence to relevant data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA) depending on the region of operation.
This functional specification provides a detailed roadmap for developing the Trainit System, ensuring all aspects of education management, learning environments, and facilities are covered, all while maintaining the crucial link to the Business entity.
This document outlines the technical design for the Trainit System, detailing the architectural choices, technology stack, and implementation approach for the functional requirements previously specified. It explicitly addresses the "Add," "Amend" (Update), "List" (Read), and "Delete" (CRUD) operations for key entities.
The Trainit System will adopt a Client-Server Architecture with a clear separation of concerns, likely following a Model-View-Controller (MVC) or Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern on the backend and a component-based approach on the frontend.
Frontend (Client-side): A web-based application accessible via browsers. It will handle user interaction, present data, and communicate with the backend API.
Backend (Server-side): A set of APIs that expose functionalities, process business logic, and interact with the database.
Database: A relational database management system (RDBMS) or NoSQL database based on the trainit-db-schema for persistent data storage.
graph TD A[Web Browser (Client)] -->|HTTP/HTTPS| B[Backend API (Server)] B -->|Database Driver/ORM| C[Database] B -->|API Endpoints| D[Business Logic] D -->|Data Access Layer| C B -->|Authentication/Authorization| E[Security Module] E -->|User Data| C
These are suggestions; actual choices may vary based on team expertise and specific project requirements.
Frontend:
Framework: React, Vue.js, or Angular (e.g., React for modern component-based development).
Styling: Tailwind CSS for utility-first styling and rapid UI development.
State Management: React Context API or Zustand (for React).
HTTP Client: Fetch API or Axios for API calls.
Backend:
Language/Framework: Node.js with Express, Python with Django/Flask, Java with Spring Boot, or Ruby on Rails. (e.g., Node.js with Express for its asynchronous nature and large ecosystem).
ORM/ODM: Sequelize (Node.js), SQLAlchemy (Python), Hibernate (Java) to interact with the database.
Authentication/Authorization: JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for stateless authentication; Passport.js (Node.js) or similar libraries.
Database:
Type: PostgreSQL (recommended for its robustness, JSONB support, and extensibility) or MySQL. Firestore if a NoSQL cloud-native solution is preferred and data modeling is adapted.
Deployment: Cloud platforms like Google Cloud Platform (GCP), AWS, or Azure.
Version Control: Git (e.g., GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket).
User Interaction: User interacts with the frontend application (e.g., clicks a button, fills a form).
Frontend Request: The frontend sends an HTTP request (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to the appropriate backend API endpoint.
Backend Processing:
Authentication & Authorization: The backend verifies the user's identity and permissions based on their role and the requested action.
Input Validation: Request data is validated against defined schemas to prevent invalid input.
Business Logic: Core logic is executed (e.g., calculating grades, checking room availability).
Database Interaction: The backend uses its ORM/ODM to perform CRUD operations on the database.
Database Response: The database returns data to the backend.
Backend Response: The backend formats the data (usually JSON) and sends an HTTP response back to the frontend.
Frontend Update: The frontend receives the response and updates the UI accordingly (e.g., displays new data, shows a success message, handles errors).
Each core functional module will implement standard CRUD operations.
Users)Add (Registration/Create User):
Frontend: Registration form (student self-registration) or User creation form (Business Admin).
Backend API: POST /api/users
Logic:
Receive user details (email, password, first/last name).
Hash the password securely (password_hash).
Validate uniqueness of email.
Assign default user_type (e.g., 'Student' for self-registration, chosen by Admin for manual creation).
Store in Users table, linking to business_id (either derived from context or selected by Admin).
Amend (Update User Profile/Details):
Frontend: User profile page or User edit form (Business Admin).
Backend API: PUT /api/users/:user_id
Logic:
Receive user_id and updated fields.
Authorize user to modify their own profile or Business Admin to modify any user within their business_id.
Update corresponding fields in Users table. Password changes will involve re-hashing.
List (View Users):
Frontend: User directory/list page (Business Admin, potentially Instructors for their students).
Backend API: GET /api/users (with optional filters: user_type, is_active, search by name/email).
Logic:
Query Users table, filtered by business_id.
Implement pagination and sorting for large datasets.
Return list of users.
Delete (Deactivate/Remove User):
Frontend: User management interface with a "Delete" or "Deactivate" button.
Backend API: DELETE /api/users/:user_id (or PUT /api/users/:user_id/deactivate)
Logic:
Receive user_id.
Authorize Business Admin.
Option 1 (Soft Delete): Set is_active to FALSE in Users table. This is generally preferred for auditing and maintaining historical data (e.g., grades).
Option 2 (Hard Delete): Physically remove user and related data (e.g., enrollments, grades). This requires careful cascading delete logic to avoid orphaned records. Soft delete is recommended.
Courses, Modules, Lessons)Add (Create Course/Module/Lesson):
Frontend: Forms for "New Course," "New Module," "New Lesson."
Backend API:
POST /api/courses
POST /api/courses/:course_id/modules
POST /api/modules/:module_id/lessons
Logic: Validate inputs, store data in respective tables, associate with parent entities and business_id. For Lessons, handle content (e.g., Markdown processing), video_url, document_url.
Amend (Edit Course/Module/Lesson):
Frontend: Edit forms for existing entities.
Backend API:
PUT /api/courses/:course_id
PUT /api/modules/:module_id
PUT /api/lessons/:lesson_id
Logic: Receive ID and updated fields, authorize Business Admin/Instructor, update data. For lessons, allow content, URL updates.
List (View Courses/Modules/Lessons):
Frontend: Course catalog, course outline view.
Backend API:
GET /api/courses (with filters for active, etc.)
GET /api/courses/:course_id/modules
GET /api/modules/:module_id/lessons
GET /api/lessons/:lesson_id (for single lesson detail)
Logic: Query tables, filter by business_id and relationships, return structured data.
Delete (Delete Course/Module/Lesson):
Frontend: Delete buttons next to entities.
Backend API:
DELETE /api/courses/:course_id
DELETE /api/modules/:module_id
DELETE /api/lessons/:lesson_id
Logic: Authorize Business Admin. Implement cascading deletes or soft deletes (setting is_active where applicable) to manage related Modules, Lessons, Enrollments, Assessments, Grades. Careful consideration for data integrity is crucial here.
Enrollments)Add (Enroll Student):
Frontend: "Enroll" button on course page (Student) or enrollment form (Business Admin).
Backend API: POST /api/enrollments
Logic: Receive student_id and course_id. Check for existing enrollment. Create Enrollment record with enrollment_date and status='Enrolled'.
Amend (Update Enrollment Status):
Frontend: Enrollment details page (Business Admin).
Backend API: PUT /api/enrollments/:enrollment_id
Logic: Update status (e.g., 'In Progress', 'Completed', 'Dropped') and completion_date.
List (View Enrollments):
Frontend: Student's "My Courses" page, Business Admin's "Enrollments" list, Instructor's "My Students" list.
Backend API:
GET /api/users/:user_id/enrollments
GET /api/courses/:course_id/enrollments
GET /api/enrollments (for Business Admin, with filters).
Logic: Query Enrollments table, join with Users and Courses tables to retrieve relevant names and details, filter by business_id.
Delete (Unenroll Student):
Frontend: "Unenroll" button (Business Admin).
Backend API: DELETE /api/enrollments/:enrollment_id
Logic: Remove Enrollment record. This might also trigger related cleanup for Grades or StudentCertifications depending on business rules. Soft delete is often preferred here.
Assessments, Grades)Add (Create Assessment/Submit Grade):
Frontend: "New Assessment" form (Admin/Instructor), "Submit Assignment" form (Student), "Enter Grade" form (Instructor).
Backend API:
POST /api/assessments
POST /api/grades
Logic: Validate inputs, store Assessments data; for Grades, ensure valid enrollment_id and assessment_id, store score and feedback.
Amend (Edit Assessment/Update Grade):
Frontend: Edit forms for existing assessments, grade modification form.
Backend API:
PUT /api/assessments/:assessment_id
PUT /api/grades/:grade_id
Logic: Authorize Admin/Instructor, update fields. For grades, potentially log changes for audit.
List (View Assessments/Grades):
Frontend: Course assessment list, student gradebook.
Backend API:
GET /api/courses/:course_id/assessments
GET /api/users/:user_id/grades
GET /api/assessments/:assessment_id/grades (for instructor to see all submissions for an assessment).
Logic: Query relevant tables, join and filter by business_id and relationships.
Delete (Delete Assessment/Grade):
Frontend: Delete buttons.
Backend API:
DELETE /api/assessments/:assessment_id
DELETE /api/grades/:grade_id
Logic: Authorize Admin/Instructor. Deleting an assessment should logically remove associated grades or at least mark them as "orphan." Deleting a grade typically just removes that specific record.
Facilities, Rooms, Equipment, RoomEquipment)Add (Create Facility/Room/Equipment/RoomEquipment):
Frontend: Dedicated forms for each entity.
Backend API: POST /api/facilities, POST /api/rooms, POST /api/equipment, POST /api/room_equipment
Logic: Validate inputs, store data, ensure proper linkage (facility_id for Rooms, equipment_id/room_id for RoomEquipment).
Amend (Edit Facility/Room/Equipment/RoomEquipment):
Frontend: Edit forms.
Backend API: PUT /api/facilities/:facility_id, PUT /api/rooms/:room_id, PUT /api/equipment/:equipment_id, PUT /api/room_equipment/:room_equipment_id
Logic: Authorize Business Admin/Staff, update fields. For Equipment, allow status changes.
List (View Facilities/Rooms/Equipment/RoomEquipment):
Frontend: Inventory views, facility maps.
Backend API: GET /api/facilities, GET /api/facilities/:facility_id/rooms, GET /api/equipment, GET /api/rooms/:room_id/equipment
Logic: Query tables, filter by business_id and relationships, allow for filtering by status, type, etc.
Delete (Delete Facility/Room/Equipment/RoomEquipment):
Frontend: Delete buttons.
Backend API: DELETE /api/facilities/:facility_id, DELETE /api/rooms/:room_id, DELETE /api/equipment/:equipment_id, DELETE /api/room_equipment/:room_equipment_id
Logic: Authorize Business Admin/Staff. Deleting parent entities (Facility, Room) will require cascading logic for child records (Rooms, Equipment in Rooms). Soft deletion for Equipment (e.g., is_active or status='Decommissioned') is highly recommended.
Schedules)Add (Create Schedule Entry):
Frontend: Schedule creation form (Admin/Instructor).
Backend API: POST /api/schedules
Logic: Receive start_time, end_time, room_id, instructor_id, etc. Validate for time conflicts (e.g., room already booked, instructor already assigned). Store in Schedules. Handle is_recurring logic.
Amend (Edit Schedule Entry):
Frontend: Schedule edit form.
Backend API: PUT /api/schedules/:schedule_id
Logic: Authorize Admin/Instructor. Update schedule details, re-validate for conflicts.
List (View Schedules):
Frontend: Calendar view, list of upcoming sessions.
Backend API: GET /api/schedules (with filters for start_date, end_date, room_id, instructor_id, course_id).
Logic: Query Schedules, join with Rooms, Instructors, Courses to display comprehensive schedule data. Filter by business_id.
Delete (Delete Schedule Entry):
Frontend: Delete button on schedule entries.
Backend API: DELETE /api/schedules/:schedule_id
Logic: Authorize Admin/Instructor. Remove schedule entry.
Announcements, SupportTickets)Add (Create Announcement/Ticket):
Frontend: "New Announcement" form (Admin/Instructor), "New Support Ticket" form (All Users).
Backend API: POST /api/announcements, POST /api/support_tickets
Logic: Validate inputs, store data, link to business_id and relevant user/course.
Amend (Edit Announcement/Ticket):
Frontend: Edit forms.
Backend API: PUT /api/announcements/:announcement_id, PUT /api/support_tickets/:ticket_id
Logic: Authorize appropriate roles, update fields. For tickets, allow status, priority, assignment updates.
List (View Announcements/Tickets):
Frontend: Announcements dashboard, user's ticket list, Admin/Staff ticket queue.
Backend API: GET /api/announcements (filtered by target, expiry), GET /api/support_tickets (filtered by user, status, priority).
Logic: Query tables, filter by business_id and user-specific access.
Delete (Delete Announcement/Ticket):
Frontend: Delete buttons.
Backend API: DELETE /api/announcements/:announcement_id, DELETE /api/support_tickets/:ticket_id
Logic: Authorize Admin/Instructor for announcements, Admin/Staff for tickets. Soft delete for SupportTickets is recommended for historical tracking.
RESTful API: Use standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) and clear resource-based URLs.
JSON Payloads: All request and response bodies will be in JSON format.
Clear Status Codes: Use appropriate HTTP status codes (200 OK, 201 Created, 204 No Content, 400 Bad Request, 401 Unauthorized, 403 Forbidden, 404 Not Found, 500 Internal Server Error).
Error Messages: Provide descriptive error messages in JSON format for client-side handling.
Pagination & Filtering: Support for large data sets (page, limit, sort_by, order, filter_by).
Versioning (Future): api/v1/resource to allow for future API changes without breaking existing clients.
Dashboard per Role: Tailored dashboards for Super Admin, Business Admin, Instructor, Student, and Staff, showing relevant information and quick access to frequent actions.
Forms for Add/Amend: Clear, intuitive forms with validation feedback.
Tables/Lists for List: Data displayed in sortable, filterable tables with pagination.
Confirmation Dialogs: Before "Delete" operations, always prompt the user for confirmation (custom modal, not alert()).
Loading Indicators: Provide visual feedback during asynchronous operations (API calls).
Responsive Design: UI layouts adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes (desktop, tablet, mobile) using Tailwind CSS breakpoints.
Consistent Styling: Adhere to a consistent design language and component library for a unified user experience.
Backend:
Centralized error handling middleware.
Log all errors (e.g., using Winston, Bunyan).
Return generic 500 errors for unexpected issues, and specific 4xx errors for client-side mistakes (e.g., validation failures, unauthorized access).
Frontend:
Display user-friendly error messages (e.g., toast notifications, modal dialogs).
Implement error boundaries in React (if applicable) to prevent entire application crashes.
Graceful degradation where possible.
Authentication: Implement robust user authentication (JWT recommended).
Authorization (RBAC): Strict role-based access control must be enforced on every API endpoint based on the User Roles and Permissions defined in the functional specification.
Input Validation: Sanitize and validate all user inputs on both frontend and backend to prevent injection attacks (SQL injection, XSS).
Password Hashing: Always store password hashes (e.g., bcrypt), never plain text passwords.
HTTPS: All communication between client and server must occur over HTTPS.
Environment Variables: Sensitive configurations (database credentials, API keys) must be stored as environment variables, not hardcoded.
Rate Limiting: Implement rate limiting on API endpoints to prevent brute-force attacks.
CORS: Properly configure Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS).
This design specification provides a detailed blueprint for the development of the Trainit System, focusing on a modular and scalable approach to implement all required functionalities, including comprehensive CRUD operations for each major data entity.
Here is the pseudo-code for typical SQL operations:
Let's assume we're working with a table named Courses (from your Trainit schema) with simplified fields: course_id, business_id, course_name, description.
Purpose: To insert a new record into a table.
FUNCTION AddCourse(courseName, description, businessId) // SQL INSERT statement to add a new row to the Courses table SQL_QUERY = "INSERT INTO Courses (business_id, course_name, description) VALUES (:businessId, :courseName, :description);" // Execute the query with provided parameters EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { businessId: businessId, courseName: courseName, description: description } // Check for success or failure IF query_successful THEN RETURN "Course added successfully." ELSE RETURN "Error adding course." END IFEND FUNCTIONPurpose: To modify existing records in a table.
FUNCTION AmendCourse(courseId, newCourseName, newDescription, businessId) // SQL UPDATE statement to modify an existing row // The WHERE clause ensures only the specific course for the given business is updated SQL_QUERY = "UPDATE Courses SET course_name = :newCourseName, description = :newDescription WHERE course_id = :courseId AND business_id = :businessId;" // Execute the query with provided parameters EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { newCourseName: newCourseName, newDescription: newDescription, courseId: courseId, businessId: businessId } // Check for success or failure IF rows_affected > 0 THEN RETURN "Course updated successfully." ELSE RETURN "Course not found or no changes made." END IFEND FUNCTIONPurpose: To fetch one or more records from a table.
FUNCTION ListCourses(businessId, filterByActiveStatus = TRUE, searchKeyword = NULL) // SQL SELECT statement to retrieve courses // Filters by business_id (mandatory) and optional active status or search keyword SQL_QUERY = "SELECT course_id, course_name, description, is_active FROM Courses WHERE business_id = :businessId" // Add optional filters IF filterByActiveStatus IS NOT NULL THEN SQL_QUERY = SQL_QUERY + " AND is_active = :filterByActiveStatus" END IF IF searchKeyword IS NOT NOT NULL THEN SQL_QUERY = SQL_QUERY + " AND (course_name LIKE '%' || :searchKeyword || '%' OR description LIKE '%' || :searchKeyword || '%')" END IF SQL_QUERY = SQL_QUERY + " ORDER BY course_name ASC;" // Order results // Execute the query RESULTS = EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { businessId: businessId, filterByActiveStatus: filterByActiveStatus, searchKeyword: searchKeyword } // Check if results were found IF RESULTS.count > 0 THEN RETURN RESULTS ELSE RETURN "No courses found." END IFEND FUNCTIONFUNCTION GetSingleCourse(courseId, businessId) // SQL SELECT statement to retrieve a single course by its ID SQL_QUERY = "SELECT course_id, course_name, description, is_active FROM Courses WHERE course_id = :courseId AND business_id = :businessId LIMIT 1;" // Execute the query RESULT = EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { courseId: courseId, businessId: businessId } IF RESULT IS NOT NULL THEN RETURN RESULT ELSE RETURN "Course not found." END IFEND FUNCTIONPurpose: To remove records from a table. This example shows a soft delete, which is generally recommended for auditing and data integrity.
FUNCTION DeleteCourseSoft(courseId, businessId) // SQL UPDATE statement to mark a course as inactive (soft delete) // Ensures only the course belonging to the specified business is affected SQL_QUERY = "UPDATE Courses SET is_active = FALSE WHERE course_id = :courseId AND business_id = :businessId;" // Execute the query EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { courseId: courseId, businessId: businessId } // Check for success or failure IF rows_affected > 0 THEN RETURN "Course successfully soft-deleted (marked inactive)." ELSE RETURN "Course not found or could not be soft-deleted." END IFEND FUNCTION// Hard Delete (Use with Caution!)FUNCTION DeleteCourseHard(courseId, businessId) // SQL DELETE statement to permanently remove a course // WARNING: This will also remove all related data (modules, lessons, enrollments, etc.) // if cascading deletes are configured in the database schema. SQL_QUERY = "DELETE FROM Courses WHERE course_id = :courseId AND business_id = :businessId;" // Execute the query EXECUTE SQL_QUERY WITH PARAMS { courseId: courseId, businessId: businessId } // Check for success or failure IF rows_affected > 0 THEN RETURN "Course permanently deleted." ELSE RETURN "Course not found or could not be deleted." END IFEND FUNCTIONThis pseudo-code demonstrates the fundamental SQL operations that your backend would perform to manage the data within the Trainit System, aligning with the principles outlined in your Design Specification Canvas.